The early childhood years do not end when children enter kindergarten. In fact, experts agree that early childhood development is a continuous process that extends through third grade. During those first eight years of life, a child’s brain is most malleable and capable of learning. Thus, investments in the early years reap the largest returns. Education research mirrors science, supporting an aligned and high-quality education system from preschool through third grade. Through this so-called P-3 alignment, important academic gains made in the early years have the best chance of lasting.

The following studies provide a sampling of research on policy topics with nationwide applicability.